Ekonomi Koperasi

Menumbuh Kembangkan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Koperasi

 

Disusun oleh :

Sazkya Ayushifara

18213329

2EA21

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

PTA 2014/2015

Kata Pengantar

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya, saya dapat menyelesaikan makalah yang berjudul “Menumbuh Kembangkan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Koperasi” tepat pada waktunya. Makalah ini merupakan tugas mata kuliah “Ekonomi Koperasi”. Makalah ini merupakan inovasi pembelajaran untuk memahami penelitian secara mendalam, semoga makalah ini dapat berguna untuk mahasiswa pada umumnya. Saya ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu dan tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu. Saya juga menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu saya sangat membutuhkan kritik dan saran yang sifatnya membangun dan pada intinya untuk memperbaiki kekurangan-kekurangan agar dimasa yang akan datang lebih baik lagi.

                                                                         Bekasi,    Oktober 2014

                                                                               Sazkya Ayushifara

Daftar Isi

Kata Pengantar.........................................................…...........…1

Daftar Isi.....................................................................................2

BAB I Pendahuluan

A.  Latar Belakang...................................................................…3

B.  Rumusan Masalah .................................................................3

C.  Tujuan.......................................................................…......…3

BAB II Pembahasan

A.  Pengertian Koperasi...............................................................4

B.  Pentingnya Koperasi Bagi Masyarakat..................................6

C.  Mensosialisasikan Koperasi Ke Masyarakat..........................7

BAB III Penutup

A.  Kesimpulan...........................................................................10 
B. Saran......................................................................................10
Daftar Pustaka............................................................................11


 

A.        Kesimpulan

         Pengertian pokok tentang Koperasi :

1. Perkumpulan orang orang, termasuk badan hukum yang mempunyai kepentingan dan tujuan yang sama dalam suatu lembaga.

2. Bergabung secara sukarela menjadi anggota dan mempunyai hak dan kewajiban yang sama sebagai pencerminan demokrasi dalam ekonomi.

3.     Kerugian dan keuntungan ditanggung dan dinikmati bersama secara adil.

4.     Pengawasan dilakukan oleh anggota.

5.     Bersifat saling tolong menolong.

6.  Membayar sejumlah uang sebagai simpanan pokok dan simpanan wajib sebagai syarat menjadi anggota.

Mensosialisasikan koperasi ke masyarakat merupakan cara agar masyarakat dapat paham, mengerti akan pentingnya koperasi dan menumbuh kembangkan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap koperasi. Sehingga dengan kita mensosialisasikan koperasi ke masyarakat akan berdampak baik untuk masyarakat dan koperasi untuk kedepannya.

Jadi, secara tak sadar kita juga merasakan pentingnya koperasi di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat ini. Dengan adanya koperasi, dapat lebih memudahkan kita dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan ekonomi dan kebutuhan sehari-hari.

B. Saran

    Kurangnya pengenalan koperasi kepada masyarakat menyebabkan masyarakat tidak menunjukkan partisipasinya. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya sosialisasi ke masyarakat tentang koperasi agar masyarakat dapat mengenal koperasi secara mendalam. Dengan melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat mengenai koperasi akan memperoleh keberhasilan dalam mengambil hati masyarakat untuk cinta dan minat terhadap produk-produk yang dihasilkan oleh koperasi serta mewujudkan kesejahteraan  masyarakat yang akan berdampak baik untuk masyarakat dan koperasi untuk kedepannya.

DIRECT - INDIRECT SPEECH

v    Definition

A.              Direct Speech

Direct speech is the original words of person are narrated (no change is made) and are

enclosed in quotation mark.

B.              Indirect Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word. So, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) is used when we want to report the words of one person to another indirectly.

v    Function

We use reported speech when we want ro repeat what someone had previously said. The changing from direct to indirect speech is time change and tenses change

A.               Time Change

If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting. There are the following details :  

Direct	Indirect
Ago	Before
Come	Do
Hence	Thence
Here	There
Hither	Thither
Last night	The previous night
Next week	The following week
Now	Then
These	Those
This	That
Thus	So
Today	That day
Tomorrow	Next day
Yesterday	The previous day

B.              Tenses change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right). Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct	Indirect
Will	Would
Can	Could
Must	Had to
Shall	Should
May	Might

!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.

There are examples of direct speech to indirect speech positive, negative and Yes-no question form :

No	Direct Speech		Indirect Speech
1	» Simple Present Tenses		» Simple Past Tenses
	+	S + V1(s,es) + o/c	+	S + V2 + o/c
	-	S + Do/Does + V1 + o/c	-	S + Did + Not + V1 + o/c
	?	Do/Does + S + V1 + o/c	?	Did + S + V1 + o/c
	Example : (+) Budi said, “I live in Bandung” (-) Ani said, “I don’t go shopping tomorrow” (?) Peter said me, “Do you love movie?”		Example : (+) Budi said that he lived in Bandung (-) Ani said that she didn’t go shopping next day (?) Peter asked me if i loved movie
2	» Present Continuous Tenses		» Past Continuous Tenses
	+	S + TOBE(Is, Am, Are) + V1 + Ing	+	S + TOBE(Was,Were) + V1 + Ing
	-	S + TOBE(Is, Am, Are) + Not + V1 + Ing	-	S + TOBE(Was,Were) + Not + V1 + Ing
	?	TOBE(Is, Am, Are) + S + V1 + Ing	?	TOBE(Was,Were) + S + V1 + Ing
	Example : (+) Lucy said, “My father is drinking a glass of water” (-) Luna said, “You aren’t reading the novel” (?) The cashier said me, “Are you a student?”		Example : (+) Lucy said that her father was drinking a glass of water (-) Luna said that she wasn’t reading the novel (?) The cashier asked me if i was a student
3	» Present Perfect Tenses		» Past Perfect Tenses
	+	S + Have/Has + V3	+	S + Had + V3
	-	S + Have/Has + Not + V3	-	S + Had + Not + V3
	?	Have/Has + S + V3	?	Had + S + V3
	(+) Albert said, “I have had three bags of popcorns” (-) Peter said, “John hasn’t answered two questions today” (?) Lucy said me, “Have you met Santi yesterday?”		(+) Aalbert said that he had had three bags of popcorns (-) Peter said that John hadn’t answered two questions that day   (?) Lucy asked me whether i have met Santi previous day
4	» Present Perfect Continuous Tenses		» Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
	+	S + Have/Has + Been + V1 + ing	+	S + Had + Been + V1 + Ing
	-	S + Have/Has + Been + Not + V1 + ing	-	S + Had + Been + Not V1 + Ing
	?	Have/Has + S + Been + V1 + ing	?	Had + S + Been + V1 + Ing
	(+) Sherry said, “I have been reading the book” (-) Sherry said, “Selena has been not reading a newspeper” (?) Andi said me, “have you been working in this company for next week?”		(+) Sherry said that she had been reading the book (-) Sherry said that Selena had been not reading a newspaper (?) Andi asked me if i had been working in that company for the following week
5	» Simple Past Tenses		» Past Pefect Tenses
	+	S + V2 + o/c	+	S + Had + V3
	-	S + Did + Not + V1 + o/c	-	S + Had + Not + V3
	?	Did + S + V1 + o/c	?	Had + S + V3
	(+) Johan said, “I ate that food today”   (-) Tono said, “I didn’t leave you here” (?) Lena asked me, “Did you meet Hana at the Cinema today?”		(+) Johan said that he had eaten those food that day (-) Tono said that he hadn’t left me there (?) Lena asked me whether i had met Hana at the Cinema that day?
6	» Past Continuous Tenses		» Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
	+	S + TOBE(Was,Were) + V1 + Ing	+	S + Had + Been + V1 + Ing
	-	S + TOBE(Was,Were) + Not + V1 + Ing	-	S + Had + Been + Not V1 + Ing
	?	TOBE(Was,Were) + S + V1 + Ing	?	Had + S + Been + V1 + Ing
	(+) Susi said, “My father was reading a newspaper this morning” (-) Nona said, “My sisters weren’t going to my grandma’s house tomorrow” (?) Leny asked me, “Was Nona learning english?		(+) Susi said that her father had been reading a newspaper that morning (-) Nona said that her sisters had been not  going to her grandma’s house next day (?) Leny asked me whether Nona had been learning english?
7	» Simple Future Tenses		» Past Future Tenses
	+	S + Will/Shall + V1	+	S + Would/Should + V1
	-	S + Will/Shall + Not + V1	-	S + Would/Should + Not + V1
	?	Will /Shall + S + V1	?	Would/Should + Not + V1
	(+) Joni said, “My parents will come to my house” (-) Tono said, “We will not leave for Indonesia”  (?) Joni asked me, “Will my parents come to my house?”		(+) Joni said that his parents would come to his house (-) Tono said that they would not leave for Indonesia  (?) Joni asked me if his parents would come his house

 

Wh- Question Form

Tenses	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Simple Present Tenses	Peter asked me, “Why do you love movie?”	Peter asked me why do you loved movie?”
Present Continuous Tenses	The cashier asked me, “What are you a student?”	The cashier asked me what i was a student
Present Perfect Tenses	Lucy asked me, “What have you met Santi yesterday?”	(?) Lucy asked me what i have met Santi previous day
Present Perfect Continuous Tenses	Andi aaked me, “What have you been working in this company for next week?”	Andi asked me whati had been working in that company for the following week
Simple Past Tenses	Lena asked me, “What did you meet Hana at the Cinema today?”	Lena asked me what i had met Hana at the Cinema that day
Past Continuous Tenses	Leny asked me, “Why was Nona learning english?”	Leny asked me why Nona had been learning english
Simple Future Tenses	Joni asked me, “What will my parents come to my house?”	Joni asked me what his parents would come his house

 

Imperative form

Function	Direct speech	Indirect speech
Command	Mother said, “Kill these cat!”	Mother said to kill those cat
	Mother said, “Don’t kill these cat!”	Mother said not to kill those cat
Request	He said, "May I have a glass of water?"	He asked for a glass of water.

 

Referensi :

http://nadianingsih.blogspot.com/search?q=direct+and+indirect+speech

http://muhammadready.blogspot.com/

http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.html

http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/how-use-reported-speech

http://www.studyandexam.com/direct-indirect-speech.html

http://tatabahasainggris.com/?s=indirect+speech

http://herman-march.blogspot.com/2011/05/perubahan-tense-direct-dan-indirect.html